Signing & Sending

Sign transaction messages and confirm landing on Agave 4.1.1.

Recipe

Quick-reference recipe card - copy-paste ready.

import {
  signTransactionMessageWithSigners,
  getSignatureFromTransaction,
  sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory,
  createSolanaRpc,
  createSolanaRpcSubscriptions,
} from "@solana/kit";
 
const signed = await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(message);
const sendAndConfirm = sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions });
await sendAndConfirm(signed, { commitment: "confirmed" });

When to reach for this:

• Submitting transfers and program instructions from TypeScript.
• Wallet-approved sends after message build.
• Scripts that need confirmation before proceeding.

Working Example

import {
  createSolanaRpc,
  createSolanaRpcSubscriptions,
  signTransactionMessageWithSigners,
  getSignatureFromTransaction,
  sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory,
  getBase64EncodedWireTransaction,
} from "@solana/kit";
 
const rpc = createSolanaRpc(process.env.RPC_URL!);
const rpcSubscriptions = createSolanaRpcSubscriptions(process.env.RPC_WSS_URL!);
 
const signed = await signTransactionMessageWithSigners(message);
const signature = getSignatureFromTransaction(signed);
 
const simulation = await rpc
  .simulateTransaction(getBase64EncodedWireTransaction(signed), { sigVerify: true })
  .send();
if (simulation.value.err) throw new Error(JSON.stringify(simulation.value.err));
 
const sendAndConfirm = sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory({ rpc, rpcSubscriptions });
await sendAndConfirm(signed, { commitment: "confirmed" });
console.log("https://explorer.solana.com/tx/" + signature + "?cluster=devnet");

What this demonstrates:

• Simulate before send to surface program errors early.
• sendAndConfirmTransactionFactory pairs HTTP send with signature subscription.
• Explorer links aid support and QA.

Deep Dive

How It Works

• Signing produces a wire transaction with valid Ed25519 signatures.
• RPC sendTransaction broadcasts to the cluster.
• Confirmation waits until chosen commitment is reached.
• Errors return program logs in simulation and transaction meta.

Confirmation Options

Gotchas

• Skipping simulation - users pay fees for predictable failures. Fix: simulate in dev and staging.
• No WSS for confirm factory - hangs or falls back. Fix: provide rpcSubscriptions.
• processed treated as final - UI rollback possible. Fix: confirm at confirmed+.
• Double submit on retry - duplicate txs if blockhash still valid. Fix: idempotency keys or new blockhash.
• Wallet partial sign - missing signer error on send. Fix: ensure all signers invoked.

Alternatives

FAQs

Related

• Building Transaction Messages - compose first
• RPC & Subscriptions - WSS confirm
• Transaction UX - UI patterns

Stack versions: This page was written for Agave 4.1.1, Solana CLI 3.0.10, Anchor 0.32.1, anchor-lang 0.32.1, Rust 1.91.1, @solana/kit 7.0.0, Surfpool 0.12.0, and LiteSVM 0.6.x.