AnchorPy

AnchorPy generates Python clients from Anchor IDLs so backends and bots can call on-chain programs with typed instruction builders. It targets Anchor 0.32.1 IDL semantics and runs on top of solders + solana-py against Agave 4.1.1 RPC.

Recipe

Quick-reference recipe card - copy-paste ready.

pip install anchorpy
 
from anchorpy import Program, Provider, Wallet
from solana.rpc.async_api import AsyncClient
 
PROGRAM_ID = "<YOUR_PROGRAM_PUBKEY>"
 
async def load_program():
    client = AsyncClient("https://api.devnet.solana.com")
    wallet = Wallet.local()
    provider = Provider(client, wallet)
    program = await Program.at(PROGRAM_ID, provider)
    return program

When to reach for this:

• Python services must invoke Anchor 0.32.1 program instructions.
• You already publish an Anchor IDL from anchor build.
• Bots need typed account resolution instead of hand-packed instruction data.
• Research scripts call program views without a TypeScript frontend.

Working Example

import asyncio
import json
from pathlib import Path
 
from anchorpy import Program, Provider, Wallet, Idl
from solana.rpc.async_api import AsyncClient
 
PROGRAM_ID = "Fg6PaFpoGXkYsidMpWTK6W2BeZ7FEfcYkg476zPFsLnS"
RPC = "https://api.devnet.solana.com"
 
async def main():
    idl_path = Path("target/idl/my_program.json")
    idl = Idl.from_json(idl_path.read_text())
 
    async with AsyncClient(RPC) as client:
        wallet = Wallet.local()
        provider = Provider(client, wallet, opts={"preflight_commitment": "confirmed"})
        program = await Program.at(PROGRAM_ID, provider, idl=idl)
 
        # Example: fetch an account defined in the IDL
        # state = await program.account["MyAccount"].fetch(pda)
 
        # Example: send an instruction
        # sig = await program.rpc["initialize"](ctx=..., signer=wallet.payer)
 
        print("Loaded program:", program.program_id)
 
asyncio.run(main())

What this demonstrates:

• IDL JSON is loaded explicitly for reproducible client generation.
• Provider couples RPC client, wallet, and default transaction options.
• Program.at resolves program ID and attaches IDL metadata.
• Account and RPC namespaces mirror Anchor TypeScript clients.

Deep Dive

How It Works

• Anchor anchor build emits target/idl/<program>.json matching anchor-lang 0.32.1.
• AnchorPy parses the IDL into Python types and instruction encoders (Borsh layout).
• Wallet.local() reads ANCHOR_WALLET or ~/.config/solana/id.json like the TS toolchain.
• Transactions are built with solders types and submitted via solana-py async RPC.

AnchorPy vs TypeScript Client

Python Notes

# Pin IDL in repo - regenerate in CI when program changes
# anchor build && cp target/idl/my_program.json clients/python/
 
# Use explicit keypair in production
from solders.keypair import Keypair
from anchorpy import Wallet
 
secret = Keypair.from_bytes(bytes(json.load(open("bot.json"))))
wallet = Wallet(secret)
 
# Fetch multiple accounts concurrently
# accounts = await program.account["Position"].all()

Gotchas

• IDL drift - deployed program upgraded without refreshing IDL breaks encoders. Fix: version IDL alongside program binary hash.
• Wrong cluster program ID - devnet vs mainnet IDs differ. Fix: config table per environment.
• Missing signer in rpc calls - Anchor accounts need explicit signers. Fix: pass ctx with Signer accounts.
• Blocking RPC in async code - use AsyncClient throughout. Fix: no sync Client inside asyncio loops.
• Assuming AnchorPy deploys programs - it is client-only. Fix: use Anchor CLI 0.32.1 / Solana CLI 3.0.10 for deploy.

Alternatives

FAQs

Related

• Python for Solana Basics - section intro
• Building Transactions in Python - raw tx assembly
• The Anchor IDL - IDL format
• Generating TS Clients - parallel TS path

Stack versions: This page was written for Agave 4.1.1, Solana CLI 3.0.10, Anchor 0.32.1, anchor-lang 0.32.1, Rust 1.91.1, @solana/kit 7.0.0, Surfpool 0.12.0, and LiteSVM 0.6.x.